%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% File: soyo4tex.tex
% Date: September 2, 1996
% Author: Oliver Corff
% (c) 1996 Ulaanbaatar, Macau, Berlin
%
% A package for providing the Soyombo
% script to LaTeX-users.
%
% NB: This package requires LaTeX2e!
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{a4}
\usepackage[cp437de]{inputenc}
\usepackage{soyombo}
\newcommand{\g}{$\gamma$}
\title{\Soyombo \\
	\vspace{.75cm}
	\sf Soyombo for \LaTeX , v.~0.9}
\author{Oliver Corff}
\date{Sep.~2nd, 1996}
\markboth{\sf Soyombo for \LaTeX }{\sf Soyombo for LaTeX }
\pagestyle{myheadings}
\begin{document}
\maketitle

\section{Introduction}
{\sf Soyombo for \LaTeX} is a package providing the Soyombo
script and the Soyombo symbol for \LaTeX\ users. The Soyombo
script and the Soyombo symbol were both developed in 1686 by
the famous Mongolian monk and scholar Zanabazar. Modelled after
the Lantsa-Dewanagari script, the Soyombo script combines
the phonemic repertoire of Mongolian, Sanskrit, and Tibetan.
The script is not in wide use today; its
usage is basically limited to religious texts, inscriptions on
temples, etc. The Soyombo symbol (the symbol appearing in the
title of this article) however, can be seen virtually everywhere:
on the national flag, on money, on books --- the instances are
too numerous to be counted.

The logical construction of the script is two-dimensional, not
linear. Basic consonants are combined with vowels and final consonants
in a way similar to Tibetan; in fact, some of the letter shapes
as well as the arrangement of the alphabet was heavily influenced
by Tibetan.

The basic consonant fills the major area of the symbol; if no
vowel sign is added, the basic vowel {\em a} is assumed; if a
vowel is added, then it is either placed on top of the character
(in case of {\em i, �, o, �}) or in the lower third of the character
box (in the cases of {\em �, u}). A secondary consonant, i.e.
a consonant closing the syllable, can be added to the basic character;
it is then placed in the right third of the lower third of the
character box. Long vowels are marked by a protruding tip of
the right-side beam. there are two diphthongs, {\em Vu, Vi},
which are both attached to the right side of the basic character.

Figure~\ref{soyombo:structure} shows how the letters are composed.

\begin{figure}
%TexCad Options
%\grade{\on}
%\emlines{\off}
%\beziermacro{\off}
%\reduce{\on}
%\snapping{\off}
%\quality{2.00}
%\graddiff{0.01}
%\snapasp{1}
%\zoom{1.00}
\unitlength 1.00mm
\linethickness{0.4pt}
\begin{picture}(73.00,66.00)
\put(30.00,5.00){\framebox(25.00,50.00)[cc]{Basic Area}}
\put(63.67,5.00){\dashbox{1.00}(9.33,50.00)[cc]{Di.}}
\put(30.00,56.00){\dashbox{1.00}(25.00,10.00)[cc]{Vowel(t)}}
\put(30.50,5.50){\dashbox{1.00}(14.67,13.50)[cc]{Vowel(b)}}
\put(46.50,5.50){\dashbox{1.00}(7.67,13.50)[cc]{Cns.}}
\put(56.00,5.00){\framebox(6.67,50.00)[cc]{Be.}}
%\emline(31.00,54.00)(54.00,54.00)
\put(31.00,54.00){\line(1,0){23.00}}
%\end
%\emline(54.00,54.00)(42.00,48.00)
\multiput(54.00,54.00)(-0.24,-0.12){50}{\line(-1,0){0.24}}
%\end
%\emline(42.00,48.00)(31.00,54.00)
\multiput(42.00,48.00)(-0.22,0.12){50}{\line(-1,0){0.22}}
%\end
%\emline(56.00,4.33)(62.67,4.33)
\put(56.00,4.33){\line(1,0){6.67}}
%\end
%\emline(62.67,4.33)(65.67,0.00)
\multiput(62.67,4.33)(0.12,-0.17){26}{\line(0,-1){0.17}}
%\end
%\emline(65.67,0.00)(56.00,4.33)
\multiput(65.67,0.00)(-0.26,0.12){37}{\line(-1,0){0.26}}
%\end
\end{picture}
\caption{The Structural Layout of Soyombo Characters}
\label{soyombo:structure}
\end{figure}


\section{How to use the Soyombo package}
This section describes which files are necessary, which commands
are needed for invoking the Soyombo symbol and characters, and
how special symbols are entered.

\subsection{Necessary files}
The Soyombo package consists of the following files:
\begin{description}
\item [Package] The file {\tt soyombo.sty} provides all necessary
	declarations and commands for selecting and entering the
	Soyombo symbol and script. Place this file somewhere where your
	\LaTeX\ installation will find it. In {\tt emtex} systems,
	this could be the path \verb"\emtex\texinput\mls" assuming you
	have a subdirectory named \verb"mls" which holds everything
	necessary for Mongolian Language Support.
\item [Fonts] The font files {\tt soyombo.mf} and {\tt soyombot.mf}
	provide the alphabet and the symbol, respectively. They should
	reside in a directory where {\sc Metafont} can find them, e.~g.
	\verb"\emtex\mfinput\mls". Here again, it is assumed that a
	directory \verb"mls" has been created for holding these and
	other fonts necessary for typesetting Mongolian.
\item [Font Metrics] The font metrics files {\tt soyombo.tfm} and
	{\tt soyombot.tfm} go into \verb"\emtex\tfm\mls".
\item [Documentation] This file is named {\tt soyo4tex.tex}. You
	are reading it at the moment. It can be placed in the same directory
	as {\tt soyombo.sty} or in a separate directory in the 
	\verb"\emtex\doc" branch.
\end{description}

\subsection{Declarations and Commands}
In order to use the Soyombo script, the preamble of your document
must contain the declaration \verb"\usepackage{soyombo}". This
is the only necessary step. Two commands become available then:
\verb"\Soyombo" produces the Soyombo symbol (see the title of
this artice), and \verb"\soyombo" switches to the Soyombo character
set.

\subsection{Input method}
Within an environment declared by \verb"\soyombo", entering most
of the basic characters is straightforward. Initial consonants
are entered as such. Except for {\em a} which is not marked vowels are entered by
using lowercase letters for back vowels and uppercase letters
for front vowels: {\em o � u �} are entered as {\tt o O u U}.
Both {\tt u U} have
a form variant entered as {\tt v V} which is shorter and used
for combinations with final consonants.

Syllable finals are entered in uppercase. In most cases, the
same letter as for the initial (and lowercase) version is used.

The following example shows how the words {\em xamu\g\ s�dgil-t�}
written in Soyombo {\soyombo kmvG seDgiLtU} translate into a
sequence of transliteration and input characters.

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|r|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
Original & 
\multicolumn{2}{c|}{\soyombo k} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{\soyombo mvG}&&
\multicolumn{3}{c|}{\soyombo seD} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{\soyombo giL}&&
\multicolumn{2}{c|}{\soyombo tU} \\

\hline
Decomposed & \soyombo k & & \soyombo m & \soyombo `u  & \soyombo `G & & \soyombo s &
\soyombo `e & \soyombo `D  & \soyombo g  & \soyombo `i  & \soyombo `L  &
& \soyombo t & \soyombo  `U \\
\hline
Transliterated & x & a & m & u & \g & & s & � & d & g & i & l & - & t & � \\
\hline
Input & k && m & v & G & & s & e & D & g & i & L & & t & U \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

In order to show the construction of the Soyombo characters (for
writing text books, etc.) one blind or dummy character {\soyombo `}
was created which does not appear in the original alphabet.

The symbols used for
writing Sanskrit and Tibetan are accessed by control sequences
in the form of \verb"\sXX" where \verb"\s" stands for Soyombo
and {\tt XX} has to be replaced by a one-, two- or three-letter
combination found in the encoding table.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
% :set tabstop=4 ! (vi command)
% :set shiftwidth=4 ! (vi command)
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
& 00 & 01 & 02 & 03 & 04 & 05 & 06 & 07 \\ \hline
0 & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo '}  &
		{\Large \soyombo g}  &
			{\Large \soyombo \$}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sri}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \sDH}  &
						{\Large \soyombo \ssk}  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\ 

 & \footnotesize (000) &
	\footnotesize (016:\verb|`|) &
		\footnotesize (032:\verb|g|) &
			\footnotesize (048:\verb|\$|) &
				\footnotesize (064:\verb|\sri|) &
					\footnotesize (080:\verb|\sDH|) &
						\footnotesize (096:\verb|ssk|) &
							\footnotesize (112) \\ \hline

1 & {\Large \soyombo `}  &
	{\Large \soyombo `-}  &
		{\Large \soyombo k}  &
			{\Large \soyombo s}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sri}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \sB}  &
						{\Large \soyombo \srk}  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (001:\verb|`|) &
	\footnotesize (017:\verb|`-|) &
		\footnotesize (033:\verb|k|) &
			\footnotesize (049:\verb|s|) &
				\footnotesize (065:\verb|\sri|) &
					\footnotesize (081:\verb|\sB|) &
						\footnotesize (097:\verb|\srk|) &
							\footnotesize (113) \\ \hline

2 & {\Large \soyombo \sA}  &
	{\Large \soyombo `i}  &
		{\Large \soyombo x}  &
			{\Large \soyombo h}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sli}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \sBH}  &
						{\Large \soyombo Z}  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (002:\verb|\sA|) &
	\footnotesize (018:\verb|`i|) &
		\footnotesize (034:\verb|x|) &
			\footnotesize (050:\verb|h|) &
				\footnotesize (066:\verb|\sli|) &
					\footnotesize (082:\verb|\sBH|) &
						\footnotesize (098:\verb|Z|) &
							\footnotesize (114) \\ \hline

3 & {\Large \soyombo .}  &
	{\Large \soyombo `i-}  &
		{\Large \soyombo z}  &
			{\Large \soyombo \sks}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sli-}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \sds}  &
						{\Large \soyombo C}  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

  & \footnotesize (003:\verb|.|) &
	\footnotesize (019:\verb|`i-|) &
		\footnotesize (035:\verb|z|) &
			\footnotesize (051:\verb|\sks|) &
				\footnotesize (067:\verb|\sli-|) &
					\footnotesize (083:\verb|\sds|) &
						\footnotesize (099:\verb|C|) &
							\footnotesize (115) \\ \hline

4 & {\Large \soyombo .. }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `e}  &
		{\Large \soyombo c}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `G}  &
				{\Large \soyombo `0}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \sky}  &
						{\Large \soyombo J}  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (004:\verb|..|) &
	\footnotesize (020:\verb|`e|) &
		\footnotesize (036:\verb|c|) &
			\footnotesize (052:\verb|`G|) &
				\footnotesize (068:\verb|`0|) &
					\footnotesize (084:\verb|\sky|) &
						\footnotesize (100:\verb|J|) &
							\footnotesize (116) \\ \hline

5 & {\Large \soyombo \sO }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `e-}  &
		{\Large \soyombo =}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `K}  &
				{\Large \soyombo `H}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \skr}  &
						{\Large \soyombo X}  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (005:\verb|\sO|) &
	\footnotesize (021:\verb|`e-|) &
		\footnotesize (037:\verb|=|) &
			\footnotesize (053:\verb|`K|) &
				\footnotesize (069:\verb|`H|) &
					\footnotesize (085:\verb|\skr|) &
						\footnotesize (101:\verb|X|) &
							\footnotesize (117) \\ \hline

6 & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `U}  &
		{\Large \soyombo d}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `*}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sg}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \skl}  &
						{\Large \soyombo q}  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (006) &
	\footnotesize (022:\verb|`U|) &
		\footnotesize (038:\verb|d|) &
			\footnotesize (054:\verb|`*|) &
				\footnotesize (070:\verb|\sg|) &
					\footnotesize (086:\verb|\skl|) &
						\footnotesize (102:\verb|q|) &
							\footnotesize (118) \\ \hline

7 & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `U-}  &
		{\Large \soyombo t}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `D}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sgh}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \skm}  &
						{\Large \soyombo @}  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (007) &
	\footnotesize (023:\verb|`U-|) &
		\footnotesize (039:\verb|t|) &
			\footnotesize (055:\verb|`D|) &
				\footnotesize (071:\verb|\sgh|) &
					\footnotesize (087:\verb|\skm|) &
						\footnotesize (103:\verb|@|) &
							\footnotesize (119) \\ \hline

8 & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `u}  &
		{\Large \soyombo n}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `N}  &
				{\Large \soyombo j}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \skk}  &
						{\Large \soyombo \ }  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (008) &
	\footnotesize (024:\verb|`u|) &
		\footnotesize (040:\verb|n|) &
			\footnotesize (056:\verb|`N|) &
				\footnotesize (072:\verb|j|) &
					\footnotesize (088:\verb|\skk|) &
						\footnotesize (104) &
							\footnotesize (120) \\ \hline

9 & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `u-}  &
		{\Large \soyombo b}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `B}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sjh}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \snk}  &
						{\Large \soyombo \ }  &
							{\Large \soyombo  \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (009) &
	\footnotesize (025:\verb|`u-|) &
		\footnotesize (041:\verb|b|) &
			\footnotesize (057:\verb|`B|) &
				\footnotesize (073:\verb|\sjh|) &
					\footnotesize (089:\verb|\snk|) &
						\footnotesize (105) &
							\footnotesize (121) \\ \hline

A & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `o}  &
		{\Large \soyombo p}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `M}  &
				{\Large \soyombo T}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \snc}  &
						{\Large \soyombo \ }  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (010) &
	\footnotesize (026:\verb|`o|) &
		\footnotesize (042:\verb|p|) &
			\footnotesize (058:\verb|`M|) &
				\footnotesize (074:\verb|T|) &
					\footnotesize (090:\verb|\snc|) &
						\footnotesize (106) &
							\footnotesize (122) \\ \hline

B & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `o-}  &
		{\Large \soyombo m}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `R}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sth}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \snt}  &
						{\Large \soyombo \ }  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (011) &
	\footnotesize (027:\verb|`o-|) &
		\footnotesize (043:\verb|m|) &
			\footnotesize (059:\verb|`R|) &
				\footnotesize (075:\verb|\sth|) &
					\footnotesize (091:\verb|\snt|) &
						\footnotesize (107) &
							\footnotesize (123) \\ \hline

C & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `O}  &
		{\Large \soyombo y}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `L}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sdd}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \snd}  &
						{\Large \soyombo \ }  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (012) &
	\footnotesize (028:\verb|`O|) &
		\footnotesize (044:\verb|y|) &
			\footnotesize (060:\verb|`L|) &
				\footnotesize (076:\verb|\sdd|) &
					\footnotesize (092:\verb|\snd|) &
						\footnotesize (108) &
							\footnotesize (124) \\ \hline

D & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `O-}  &
		{\Large \soyombo r}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `Q}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sdh}  &
					{\Large \soyombo P}  &
						{\Large \soyombo \ }  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (013) &
	\footnotesize (029:\verb|`O-|) &
		\footnotesize (045:\verb|r|) &
			\footnotesize (061:\verb|`Q|) &
				\footnotesize (077:\verb|\sdh|) &
					\footnotesize (093:\verb|P|) &
						\footnotesize (109) &
							\footnotesize (125) \\ \hline

E & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `W}  &
		{\Large \soyombo w}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `S}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sdn}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \slk}  &
						{\Large \soyombo \ }  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (014) &
	\footnotesize (030:\verb|`W|) &
		\footnotesize (046:\verb|w|) &
			\footnotesize (062:\verb|`S|) &
				\footnotesize (078:\verb|\sdn|) &
					\footnotesize (094:\verb|\slk|) &
						\footnotesize (110) &
							\footnotesize (126) \\ \hline

F & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `I}  &
		{\Large \soyombo l}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `-a}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sD}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \sSk}  &
						{\Large \soyombo \ }  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (015) &
	\footnotesize (031:\verb|`I|) &
		\footnotesize (047:\verb|l|) &
			\footnotesize (063:\verb|`-a|) &
				\footnotesize (079:\verb|\sD|) &
					\footnotesize (095:\verb|\sSk|) &
						\footnotesize (111) &
							\footnotesize (127) \\ \hline

\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption{Soyombo Character Input Table}
\end{figure}

\section{Desiderata}
The package in its present stage cannot be regarded complete.
Some of the letter shapes still need a bit of refinement, and
maybe there is even the possibility to create more typeface variants
in order to reflect various printing styles.

The input method works but is a bit clumsy to use; an input preprocessor
translating properly spelled Mongolian into the Soyombo equivalent
waits to be developed.

Comments and suggestions are highly appreciated and should be
directed to the author of these lines at \verb"corff@zedat.fu-berlin.de".

\end{document}
