B4(1)

Name
B4 - Work with code submissions in a public-inbox archive

SYNOPSIS

b4 {mbox,am,shazam,pr,diff,ty,kr,dig,review,prep,send,trailers} [options]

DESCRIPTION

This is a helper utility to work with patches and pull requests made available via a public-inbox archive like lore.kernel.org. It's written to make it simpler to participate in patch-based workflows, like those used in the Linux kernel development.

The name "b4" was chosen for ease of typing and because B-4 was the precursor to Lore and Data in the Star Trek universe.

Full documentation is available on <https://b4.docs.kernel.org/>.

SUBCOMMANDS

Maintainer-oriented:

•   mbox: Download a thread as an mbox file

•   am: Create an mbox file that is ready to git-am

•   shazam: Apply patch series to git repositories

•   pr: Work with pull requests

•   ty: Create templated replies for processed patches and pull requests

•   diff: Show range-diff style diffs between patch versions

•   dig: Find the mailing list submission for a given commit

•   review: TUI-based patch review workflow (alpha)

•   kr: (STUB) Operate on patatt-compatible keyrings

    Contributor-oriented:

•   prep: prepare your series for submission

•   trailers: retrieve and apply code-review trailers

•   send: send your series for review on distribution lists

    For full options and what they do, please see b4 --help and b4 subcommand --help.

  b4 mbox

This command allows retrieving entire threads from a remote public-inbox instance. You can open the resulting mbox file with most mail clients for actions like replying to conversations or reviewing patch submissions.

You can provide the message either as a msgid, as full URL to a public-inbox archive, or you can pipe it on stdin.

For options and their descriptions, see b4 mbox --help.

Examples

b4 mbox [msgid]
    Download a thread from the default public-inbox server and save it in the current directory as a .mbox file.

b4 mbox -m ~/Mail [msgid]
    Download a thread from your ~/Mail folder and save it in the current directly as a .mbox file.

b4 mbox -fo ~/Mail [public-inbox-url]
    Download the thread from this public-inbox server, and add it to your existing mailbox, filtering out any dupes already in your mailbox folder.

b4 mbox --rethread [msgid1] [msgid2] [...]
    Stitch multiple unthreaded messages into a single series and save as an mbox file. Useful when a submitter sends patches without proper threading.

  b4 am

This command allows retrieving threads from a public-inbox instance and preparing them for applying to a git repository using the "git am" command. It will automatically perform the following operations:

•   pick the latest submitted version of the series (it can check for newer threads using -c as well)

•   check DKIM signatures and patatt attestation on all patches and code review messages

•   collate all submitted code-review trailers (Reviewed-by, Acked-by, etc) and put them into the commit message

•   add your own Signed-off-by trailer (with -s)

•   reroll series from partial updates (e.g. someone submits a v2 of a single patch instead of rerolling the entire series)

•   guess where in the tree history the patches belong, if the exact commit-base is not specified (with -g)

•   prepare the tree for a 3-way merge (with -3)

•   cherry-pick a subset of patches from a large series (with -P)

    Note: Unless you intend to do some preparatory work on the series before applying it to the git repository (e.g. a 3-way merge), you should consider using b4 shazam to apply the retrieved series.

    For options and their descriptions, see b4 am --help.

    Examples

b4 am -sl [msgid]
    Download a thread from the default public-inbox server, apply any follow-up trailers, add your own Signed-Off-By trailer plus a Link: trailer indicating the origin of the patch, then save the resulting .mbox file in the current directory ready to be applied by "git am".

b4 am -sl -P 1-3 [msgid]
    Same as the previous example, but pick only patches 1,2,3 from the entire series.

b4 am -3 [msgid]
    Download the series and prepare the local git tree for a 3-way merge by ensuring that all index blobs exist.

b4 am --check [msgid]
    Download the series and show if it passes the checks. You can specify the command using the b4.am-perpatch-check-cmd configuration option. For the Linux kernel, the default will be the most common checkpatch.pl set of options.

b4 am --rethread [msgid1] [msgid2] [...]
    Stitch multiple unthreaded messages into a single series and prepare them for git am.

  b4 shazam

This is very similar to b4 am, but will also apply patches directly to the current git tree using git am. Alternatively, when used with -H, it can fetch the patch series into FETCH_HEAD as if it were a pull request, ready to review and merge. B4 uses the cover letter as a template for the merge commit.

If you want to automatically invoke git-merge, you can use -M instead of -H. B4 automatically opens up the editor allowing you to edit the merge commit message.

When using -H, you can pass --resolve to interactively resolve any merge conflicts using a three-way merge.

Note: the -M and -H options work best for series that have the base-commit info matching an object in your local tree.

For options and their descriptions, see b4 shazam --help.

Examples

b4 shazam -sl -M [msgid]
    Download a thread from the default public-inbox server, apply any follow-up trailers, add your own Signed-Off-By trailer plus a Link: trailer with the origin of the patch, then merge this commit to the current git repository using the cover letter as the merge commit template.

b4 shazam -sl -M --merge-base v6.4-rc4 [msgid]
    Same as the previous example, but forces the merge-base to be the commit-ish object provided instead of the one listed in the patch series itself.

  b4 pr

This command is for working with pull requests submitted using git-request-pull. It provides the following benefits as opposed to using git directly:

•   it can check if the pull is already applied before performing a git fetch

•   it checks the signature on the tag or tip commit specified in the pull request

•   it can track applied pull requests and send replies to submitters using b4 ty

    For options and their descriptions, see b4 pr --help.

    Examples

b4 pr [msgid]
    Download the message with the pull-request and apply it to the current git tree.

  b4 ty

If you've retrieved and applied some patches to your tree, you should be able to fire up the “auto-thankanator”, which uses patch-id and commit subject tracking to figure out which series from those you have retrieved you already applied to your tree. The process is usually pretty fast and fairly accurate.

To send mails directly using -S, you should have a configured [sendemail] section somewhere in your applicable git configuration files. By default, b4 ty writes out .thanks files in the current directly that you can edit and sent out using a command like mutt -f thanks.file.

For options and their descriptions, see b4 ty --help.

Examples

b4 ty -a -S
    Locate any retrieved series that you have applied to the current git repository and send out thanks to all members of the conversation.

b4 ty -a -S --dry-run
    Same as above, but instead of actually sending it out show what the message is going to be, first.

  b4 diff

The diff subcommand allows comparing two different revisions of the same patch series using git range-diff. Note, that in order to perform the range-diff comparison, both revisions need to cleanly apply to the current tree, which may not always be possible to achieve.

For options and their descriptions, see b4 diff --help.

Examples

b4 diff [msgid-of-vN]
    Retrieves the thread matching the msgid specified and attempts to auto-locate the previous version of the series. If successful, shows the output of git range-diff comparing the patch differences.

  b4 dig

Given a commit in a local git repository, this command tries to find the original mailing list submission on a public-inbox instance. It uses several strategies in order of reliability:

•   match by stable patch-id (tries multiple diff algorithms)

•   match by author email and subject

•   match by in-body From: line (for patches sent from a different address than the commit author)

    If --all is specified, b4 will also try to locate all other revisions of the same series using change-id or subject matching.

    For options and their descriptions, see b4 dig --help.

    Examples

b4 dig [commit]
    Find the mailing list submission for the given commit and print a link to it.

b4 dig -a [commit]
    Find all revisions of the series containing the given commit.

b4 dig -w [commit]
    Find the submission and show who was originally included in To/Cc.

b4 dig -m /tmp/thread.mbx [commit]
    Find the submission and save the full thread as an mbox file.

  b4 kr

This subcommand allows maintaining a local keyring of contributor keys.

Note: this part of b4 is under active development with improvements planned for the near future.

For options and their descriptions, see b4 kr --help.

Examples

b4 kr --show-keys [msgid]
    Retrieve the thread specified and show any cryptographic keys used to attest the patches.

  b4 review (alpha)

Note: this subcommand is a technology preview. Commands, flags, and on-disk formats may change in incompatible ways between releases.

This command provides a TUI-based review workflow for maintainers receiving patches on mailing lists. It lets you track incoming series, review diffs with inline commenting, add code-review trailers, send review emails, and take (apply) patches.

The workflow consists of three steps: enrol a repository, track one or more series, and launch the TUI to review and act on them.

For options and their descriptions, see b4 review --help and b4 review <subcommand> --help.

Examples

b4 review enroll
    Enrol the current repository for review tracking.

b4 review track <msgid>
    Track a series by its message-id, URL, or change-id.

b4 review track --rethread <msgid1> <msgid2> [...]
    Track a series that was sent without proper threading by stitching the given messages into a single series.

b4 review forget <msgid>
    Completely erase all records of a tracked series, identified by any of its message-ids, a URL, or its change-id. Prints a summary of the matched series and asks for confirmation before erasing. Works on any tracked series regardless of status, including archived ones the TUI no longer shows.

b4 review tui
    Launch the review TUI.

  b4 prep, trailers, send

These commands allow preparing and submitting a patch series for review on the mailing list. Full documentation is available online at the following address:

<https://b4.docs.kernel.org/en/latest/contributor/overview.html>

For options, see the output of b4 prep --help, b4 trailers --help and b4 send --help.

Examples

b4 prep -n my-new-feature -f v6.4-rc4
    Start a new branch, forking it from the tag v6.4-rc4, and prepare it for adding more patches.

b4 prep --edit-cover
    Edit the cover letter for the current series. This step isn't required for most single-patch submissions.

b4 prep --auto-to-cc
    Find all addresses that need to receive a copy of the patch series submission and add them to the cover letter.

b4 prep --check
    Run the configured checks on your series to identify any potential problems. For Linux kernel, this runs checkpatch.pl with the recommended set of parameters.

b4 send -o /tmp/outdir
    Generate the patches that b4 is going to send out and save them into the directory specified. This allows you to review the series before actually sending them.

b4 send --preview-to [addr1@example.com addr2@example.com]
    Send a "preview" version of the series for someone to check before submitting it upstream.

b4 trailers -u
    Retrieve any code-review trailers provided for your series and apply them to the current branch.

CONFIGURATION

B4 configuration is handled via git-config(1), so you can store it in either the toplevel $HOME/.gitconfig file, or in a per-repository .git/config file if your workflow changes per project.

To see configuration options available, see online documentation at <https://b4.docs.kernel.org/en/latest/config.html>

PROXYING REQUESTS

Commands making remote HTTP requests may be configured to use a proxy by setting the HTTPS_PROXY environment variable, as described in <https://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/advanced/#proxies>.

SUPPORT

Please email <tools@kernel.org> with support requests, or browse the list archive at <https://lore.kernel.org/tools>.

Author
mricon@kernel.org License: GPLv2+

Copyright
The Linux Foundation and contributors