$NetBSD: UPDATING,v 1.383 2025/07/21 17:07:26 martin Exp $

This file (UPDATING) is intended to be a brief reference to recent
changes that might cause problems in the build process, and a guide for
what to do if something doesn't work.

For a more detailed description of the recommended way to build NetBSD
using build.sh, see the BUILDING file.

Note that much of the advice in this UPDATING file was written before
build.sh existed.  Nevertheless, the advice here may be useful for
working around specific problems with build.sh.

Sections are marked with "^^^^^".  After the section on "Recent changes"
are several sections containing more general information.

See also: BUILDING, build.sh, Makefile.

Recent changes:
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

20250721:
	GCC 12.5 was imported and there may be weird build issues.
	Clean any GCC build dirs if you encounter weird things.

20250720:
	New openssl and old objects for tests for libcrypto may
	cause spurious test failure, clean the src/tests/crypto/libcrypto
	object dirs.

20250528:
	Changes in the tools build require removing all config.cache
	files in the object tools directories.

20250427:
	The KERNEL_DIR option to build.sh is now functional.  Set it
	with ``-V KERNEL_DIR=yes'' on your build.sh command.
	With this, you can now colocate kernel and associated modules
	in /netbsd/{kernel,kernel.dbg,modules} instead of having the
	kernel in / but modules in /stand.

	Note that you'll need new bootstrap code to use this feature.

	This completes work begun many years ago by christos@ :-)

20250413:
	A change to bsd.lib.mk requires a clean build of all libraries.

20250131:
	The switch to the new jemalloc requires cleaning in libc.

20241122:
	Changes to various libraries' build options require cleaning
	their objdirs in update builds:

	cd external/bsd/file/lib && $TOOLDIR/bin/nbmake-$ARCH clean
	cd external/bsd/libarchive/lib && $TOOLDIR/bin/nbmake-$ARCH clean
	cd external/public-domain/xz/lib && $TOOLDIR/bin/nbmake-$ARCH clean

	Also, for architectures with MKCOMPAT, it is necessary to clean
	the compat objdirs too.  The easiest way is:

	rm -rf OBJDIR/compat/*/*/external/bsd/file/lib
	rm -rf OBJDIR/compat/*/*/external/bsd/libarchive/lib
	rm -rf OBJDIR/compat/*/*/external/public-domain/xz/lib

	Changes to bsd.lib.mk to improve detecting differences in
	shared library symbol exports may cause some .actsym files in
	the objdir to become stale in update builds.

	To work around this, delete all files matching `*.actsym' in
	the objdir.  For example:

	find OBJDIR -name '*.actsym' -type f -print0 | xargs -0 rm

20241104:
	Changes around the integration of the zstd compression
	library may require manual deletion of some object directories
	if you update from a build from a few days ago:
	rm -rf DESTDIR/usr/lib/*/libarchive*
	rm -rf DESTDIR/usr/lib/*/libmagic*
	rm -rf DESTDIR/usr/lib/*/libzstd*
	rm -rf DESTDIR/usr/lib/libarchive*
	rm -rf DESTDIR/usr/lib/libmagic*
	rm -rf DESTDIR/usr/lib/libzstd*
	rm -rf OBJDIR/compat/*/*/external/bsd/file/
	rm -rf OBJDIR/compat/*/*/external/bsd/libarchive/
	rm -rf OBJDIR/compat/*/*/external/bsd/zstd/
	rm -rf OBJDIR/external/bsd/file/
	rm -rf OBJDIR/external/bsd/libarchive/
	rm -rf OBJDIR/external/bsd/zstd/
	rm -rf OBJDIR/external/gpl3/gcc/
	rm -rf OBJDIR/tools/gcc/

20240926:
	Building -current when running on amd64 from about 20240924
	to about 20240926 will not work due to a "malloc_np.h"
	error. Please downgrade to a version from 20240924 or older,
	or upgrade to a newer version e.g. using a binary release from
	the NetBSD build servers.

20240923:
	Update builds will require cleaning the object directories for
	jemalloc (like: "rm -rf $OBJ/external/bsd/jemalloc*") and the
	libc dependency files (like: "rm $OBJ/lib/libc/jemalloc.*").
	On architectures with COMPAT libs, those also have to be cleaned,
	e.g. on sparc64: "rm -rf $OBJ/compat/sparc64/sparc/external/bsd/jemalloc*"
	and "rm $OBJ/compat/sparc64/sparc/lib/libc/jemalloc.*".

20240920:
	Update builds will require cleaning in src/external/historical/nawk/bin
	in order to remove the awk subdirectory since there is now a binary
	called awk.

20240817:
	Update builds will require cleaning in src/external/historical/nawk/bin
	in order to remove the awk binary since now there is a subdirectory
	called awk.

20240812:
	Update builds will require removing the tools objdir for gdb
	if building with MKCROSSGDB=yes. All architectures use gdb.old
	now.

20240630:
	Update builds will require removing the tools objdir for binutils
	(as most architectures should use binutils.old now).

20240610:
	Update builds are likely to require removing the objdir for
	distrib/<arch>/cdroms - or at least references to libarchive
	from within there after the recent libarchive update.

20240504:
	Update builds on x86 require making the `cleandir' target in
	lib/libm, or deleting the objdir for lib/libm.

20240423:
	Update builds with x11 may fail after switching to Mesa 21.

20240410:
	Update builds may require manually deleting
	$DESTDIR/var/run/named (and, potentially,
	$DESTDIR/var/run/lwresd) in order to avoid checkflist failure.

20240409:
	32-bit compatibility libraries were moved into the base32
	and debug32 sets.  HTML man pages were moved into the manhtml set.

20230828:
	If:
        - you updated to current and ran postinstall between 20230826
	  and 20230828 inclusive, and
        - you are not using anything outside the base system to
	  populate /etc/openssl/certs (e.g., manually adding
	  certificates or using ca-certificates or mozilla-rootcerts or
	  mozilla-rootcerts-openssl from pkgsrc),
	delete /etc/openssl/certs and rerun postinstall or just
	`certctl rehash'.

	Otherwise, certctl(8) will think someone else has left
	/etc/openssl/certs in the way and will avoid clobbering it on
	upgrade from older NetBSD.

20230718:
	build.sh will use mk.conf in the same directory as build.sh instead
	of /etc/mk.conf, unless MAKECONF is already defined in the environment.

20230714:
	Import of gcc 10.5 requires a clean build of at least tools/gcc
	and external/gpl3/gcc* object directories. An update build
	without cleaning will result in obscure failures in rare corner
	cases.

20230604:
	Building native kernels with the installed make(1) instead of
	the $TOOLDIR/bin/nbmake-${arch} wrapper will fail if userland
	has not been updated. Note that this is an unsupported build
	configuration (but usually works if userland is -current enough).

20230523:
	ctfmerge was fixed as macOS host tool. This may require a clean tools
	rebuild to detect the update to tools/compat/configure.

20230515:
	New openssl build requires removal of the crypto/external/bsd/openssl
	and tests/crypto/libcrypto subdirectories in the ${OBJDIR} hierarchy.
	Otherwise test results may be wrong due to wrong "golden" output
	files being installed.

20230322:
	Fixes for moved /lib/libisns* mean that builds will complain about
	./usr/lib/libisns* being missing until src/lib/libisns is forced
	to (re)install the files, including the symlinks.  The simplest
	way is to clean this subdir before building.

20230112:
	New binutils require an updated ld.elf_so. If you are doing
	(unsupported) in-place self builds (with the -E flag to build.sh),
	make sure to have installed latest ld.elf_so before you rebuild
	userland.

20221116:
	The addition to NetBSD's version of UFS2 of support for extended
	attributes broke backward compatibility with previous releases
	of NetBSD, so UFS2 has been restored to being compatible with
	previous NetBSD releases by disabling extended attributes.
	(Note that ACLs are implemented as extended attributes, so
	this changes disables ACLs as well.)

	Support for UFS2 with extended attributes is now available in a new
	UFS variant called UFS2ea.  If you have created extended attributes
	in an original UFS2 file system then "fsck -p" will now fail due to
	the unexpected presence of extended attributes and "fsck -y" will
	remove all extended attributes.  If you wish to preserve extended
	attributes rather than delete them, there is a utility to convert
	a UFS2 file system to UFS2ea and leave extended attributes in place,
	but this should be used with caution since it will preserve any
	extended attributes that have been corrupted by the backward
	incompatibility too.

	If you wish to use a UFS2ea file system as your root file system,
	then you will need to update your boot loader to a version that
	supports UFS2ea.

	For more information, see:
	https://wiki.netbsd.org/features/UFS2ea

20221111:
	The new libdrm import worsened the conflict issues for the
	kdump/ktruss ioctl, and i915 now conflicts with base, and has
	been turned off.  This will cause update build issues like:

		kdump-ioctl.c:12175:143: error: 'DRM_IOCTL_I915_DESTROY_HEAP'
		   undeclared here (not in a function);
		   did you mean 'DRM_IOCTL_MODE_DESTROY_DUMB'?

	You'll need to clean usr.bin/ktruss, usr.bin/kdump, and rescue.

20220921:
	Since the kernel version was bumped to 9.99.100, the bootloader
	must be updated on x86 or EFI boot platforms in order to load
	modules from boot.cfg(5) or interactively at the bootloader
	prompt.

	The kernel can still load modules at runtime, with modload(8)
	or modules.conf(5), with no bootloader update.  This will not
	affect release branches because it only applies to patch
	numbers >=100.

	On x86 (i386 or amd64) with BIOS boot, this requires copying a
	new /usr/mdec/boot to /boot.  You can build this in the destdir
	by running `$TOOLDIR/bin/nbmake-$ARCH dependall install' in
	sys/arch/i386/stand.

	On platforms with EFI boot (including x86 with EFI boot), this
	requires copying a new /usr/mdec/boot*.efi to the EFI/BOOT/
	directory on the EFI system partition.  The boot*.efi file is:

	aarch64	bootaa64.efi
	amd64	bootx64.efi
	arm	bootarm.efi	(32-bit arm)
	i386	bootx32.efi

	You can build this in the destdir by running
	`$TOOLDIR/bin/nbmake-$ARCH dependall install' in
	sys/stand/efiboot/boot*.

20220821:
	Support for building extsrc/ has been deprecated.
	EXTSRCSRCDIR and MKEXTSRC have been deprecated.

20220714:
	Updates to xorg-server and associated drivers may cause builds to
	fail.  Cleaning both DESTDIR and the xorg build tree may be needed.

20220628:
	Changes in the build of src/games/robots require a clean build
	of that program.

20211116:
	Changes in the xorg build require clean obj dirs for external/mit/xorg
	(or a full clean/non-update build).

20211112:
	Device tree sources were updated for evbarm.  Some device nodes
	(in particular, ld(4) devices on the ROCKPro64) will be renumbered.

20211014:
	MKPIE default for aarch64 has changed, a clean build is required.

20210917:
	Changed MNT_ACLS to default to POSIX1e ACLs instead of NFSv4
	ACLs, to be compatible with FreeBSD. If you are using NFSv4 ACLs
	and have "acls" in /etc/fstab you'll need to change it to "nfs4acls".

20210711:
	Updated GMP sources may require cleaning in tools/gmp and/or in
	external/lgpl3/gmp/lib, particularly if GCC itself does not build.

20210417:
	GCC 10 was enabled for several platforms.  If builds fail in either
	tools/gcc or external/gpl3/gcc, first try cleaning those objects and
	removing the $DESTDIR/usr/include/g++ subdirectory.

20201016:
	MIPS kernel modules have been disabled until they work.  This will
	turn up in extra files in the DESTDIR, which should be cleaned.

20200925:
	GNU MPC and MPFR have been updated.  At least MPFR needs cleaning
	in both the tools and external dirs.

20200912:
	GCC 9 has arrived for Arm and x86 platforms, and will be coming
	for several more, as will binutils 2.34.  Clean as required.

20200907:
	GCC 9 is coming, and binutils has been updated for MIPS.  This
	probably requires cleaning the tools/binutils.

20200811:
	GCC updates may require cleaning the objdir.  This may occur
	due to GCC 7.5 update, GCC 8.4 move to gcc.old, or the upcoming
	GCC 9 upgrade.

20200614:
	blacklist* has been renamed to blocklist*. postinstall(8)
	should handle the migration.

20200601:
	Due to a mistake in LIBISPRIVATE handling, .so libraries were
	created in the build directories and need cleaning.

20200311:
	GCC 8 ports will need cleaning in src/tools/gcc and
	src/external/gpl3/gcc due to GCC 8.4 update.

20191118:
	More architectures were switched to gcc8:
	    i386, ia64 powerpc64, sparc, sparc64, arm
	The same comments as in 20191022 apply.

20191112:
	The LLVM update requires a clean rebuild for all architectures using
	LLVM during the tools build phase (i386, amd64, aarch64).

20191022:
	Ports amd64 and aarch64 switched to GCC 8.3 by default.
	In-place ("expert mode", build.sh -E) builds are not supported
	when going from a GCC 7 userland to GCC 8. Do a regular
	build to a different DESTDIR (or preferably: build.sh -U) at least
	once and install sets, or download comp.{tar.xz,tgz} from the
	daily builds and install that before doing the next in-place build.

20191001:
	GCC 8.3 was imported.  Builds of src/tools/gcc may fail if
	old builds with GCC 7 output now uses GCC 8.  Clean this
	directory, and also clean src/external/gpl3/gcc.

20190903:
	Files with names that coincide with existing files' names on
	case-insensitive file systems were inadvertently committed, for
	radeon GPU firmware.  We cannot mark these as obsolete for
	postinstall to fix, so if you updated src since 2019-08-26, and
	ran build.sh distribution or ran build.sh release, you must
	manually delete the following files in your DESTDIR (which is
	usually $OBJDIR/destir.$ARCH), or from / if you have installed
	them:

		/libdata/firmware/radeon/bonaire_ce.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/bonaire_mc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/bonaire_me.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/bonaire_mec.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/bonaire_pfp.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/bonaire_rlc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/bonaire_sdma.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/bonaire_smc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/bonaire_uvd.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/hainan_ce.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/hainan_mc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/hainan_me.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/hainan_pfp.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/hainan_rlc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/hainan_smc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/hawaii_ce.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/hawaii_mc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/hawaii_me.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/hawaii_mec.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/hawaii_pfp.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/hawaii_rlc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/hawaii_sdma.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/hawaii_smc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/kabini_ce.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/kabini_me.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/kabini_mec.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/kabini_pfp.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/kabini_rlc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/kabini_sdma.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/kaveri_ce.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/kaveri_me.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/kaveri_mec.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/kaveri_mec2.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/kaveri_pfp.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/kaveri_rlc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/kaveri_sdma.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/mullins_ce.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/mullins_me.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/mullins_mec.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/mullins_pfp.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/mullins_rlc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/mullins_sdma.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/oland_ce.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/oland_mc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/oland_me.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/oland_pfp.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/oland_rlc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/oland_smc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/pitcairn_ce.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/pitcairn_mc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/pitcairn_me.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/pitcairn_pfp.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/pitcairn_rlc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/pitcairn_smc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/tahiti_ce.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/tahiti_mc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/tahiti_me.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/tahiti_pfp.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/tahiti_rlc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/tahiti_smc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/verde_ce.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/verde_mc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/verde_me.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/verde_pfp.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/verde_rlc.bin
		/libdata/firmware/radeon/verde_smc.bin

	We will re-import these radeon firmware images another way
	later.

20190727:
	The uefi bootloader has gained tftp support and needs a clean
	build. If you do update builds, manually clean its object
	directory by something like:
	cd sys/arch/i386/stand/efiboot && make clean

20190723:
	The jemalloc allocator in libc is now built without extended
	debugging (for performance reasons). In update builds make sure
	to rebuild it completely, by removing all affected object files,
	including compat builds, something like:
	cd /usr/obj && find . -type d -name jemalloc|xargs rm -rf

20190207:
	GCC 7 switched for many ports.  Update builds are likely to fail.

Hints for a more successful build:
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    Use build.sh, but do not use its "expert mode":
	This will automatically build the tools in the
	   correct order, and it will keep the tools and the
	   new build products from interfering with the running
	   system.  This will allow you to ignore most of the
	   other advice in this file.
    Build a new kernel first:
	This makes sure that any new system calls or features
	   expected by the new userland will be present.  This
	   helps to avoid critical errors when upgrading.
    Use object directories:
	This helps to keep stale object
	   files from polluting the build if a Makefile "forgets"
	   about one.  It also makes it easier to clean up after
	   a build.  It's also necessary if you want to use the
	   same source tree for multiple machines.
	   To use object directories with build.sh:
	    a) invoke build.sh with the "-M" or "-O" options.
	   To use object directories without using build.sh:
	    a) cd /usr/src ; make cleandir
	    b) Add "OBJMACHINE=yes" to /etc/mk.conf
	    c) Add "MKOBJDIRS=yes" to /etc/mk.conf
	    d) cd /usr/src ; make build
	   Note that running "make obj" in a directory will create
	   in obj.$MACHINE directory.
    Build to a DESTDIR:
	This helps to keep old installed files (especially libraries)
	   from interfering with the new build.
	   To build to a DESTDIR with build.sh, use the "-D" option.
	   To build to a DESTDIR without using build.sh, set the DESTDIR
	   environment variable before running make build.  It should be
	   set to the pathname of an initially empty directory.
	   Problems: if you do not use build.sh, you might need to
		update critical utilities without using DESTDIR since
		nothing is executed from what is installed in DESTDIR.
		(See critical utils, below.)
    Build often:
	This keeps critical utilities current enough to not choke
	on any other part of the source tree that depends on up to
	date functionality.  If you use build.sh, you should not have
	this problem.

What to do if things don't work:
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
When things don't work there are usually a few things that commonly
should be done.
    1)	make includes
	This should be done automatically by make build.
    2)  cd share/mk && make install
	Again, automatically done by make build.

Failsafe rebuild of a small part of the tree:
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
To make sure you rebuild something correctly you want to do
something like the following:
    1)  Make sure the includes and .mk files are up to date.
    2)  Make sure any program used to build the particular
	utility is up to date.  (yacc, lex, etc...)
    3)  cd ...path/to/util...
	make cleandir
	rm ...all obj directories...
	make cleandir			# yes, again
	make obj
	make depend && make

Failsafe rebuild of the entire tree:
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
If you really want to make sure the source tree is clean and
ready for a build try the following.  Note that sourcing /etc/mk.conf
(a make(1) Makefile) in this manner is not right, and will not work
for anyone who uses any make(1) features in /etc/mk.conf.

---cut here---
#!/bin/sh
. /etc/mk.conf

if [ -z $NETBSDSRCDIR ] ; then
    NETBSDSRCDIR=/usr/src
fi
if [ \! -d $NETBSDSRCDIR ] ; then
    echo Unable to find sources
    exit 1
fi
find $NETBSDSRCDIR -name \*.o -o -name obj.\* -o -name obj -exec rm \{\} \;

if [ -z $BSDOBJDIR ] ; then
    BSDOBJDIR=/usr/obj
fi
if [ -d $BSDOBJDIR ] ; then
    rm -rf $BSDOBJDIR
fi

cd $NETBSDSRCDIR && make cleandir

---cut here---

Critical utilities:
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
	usr.bin/make
	usr.bin/yacc
	usr.bin/lex
	usr.bin/xlint
	usr.bin/config

Other problems and possible solutions:
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Symptom:Complaints involving a Makefile.
Fix:	Rebuild usr.bin/make:
	cd usr.bin/make && make && make install
	Or, a failsafe method if that doesn't work:
	cd usr.bin/make && cc -DMAKE_NATIVE *.c -I. -o make \
	&& install make /usr/bin

Fix:	Make sure .mk files are up to date.
	cd share/mk && make install

Symptom:Kernel `config' fails to configure any kernel, including GENERIC.
Fix:	Rebuild usr.bin/config

Symptom:Obsolete intermediate files are used during compilation
Fix:	Try the following sequence of commands in the directory in question.
	make cleandir; rm `make print-objdir`; make cleandir; make obj
	(If you built the tree without "make obj" in the past, obsolete files
	may remain.  The command tries to clean everything up)

Symptom:.../sysinst/run.c:xx: warning: initialization from incompatible
	pointer type
Fix:	Rebuild and install usr.bin/menuc

Symptom:mklocale not found during build in share/locale/ctype
Fix:	Build and install usr.bin/mklocale

Symptom:undefined reference to `__assert13' or `__unsetenv13'
Fix:    Rebuild and install lib/libc

Symptom:usr.bin/config fails to build.
Fix:	Try building with -DMAKE_BOOTSTRAP added to CFLAGS in Makefile.

Symptom:undefined reference to `getprogname' or `setprogname'
Fix:    Rebuild and install lib/libc

Symptom:Update build fails in src/tools/gcc complaining that a variable
	(e.g. CPPFLAGS) has changed since the previous run.
Fix:    Run "nbmake-${ARCH} clean" in src/tools/gcc or do a clean build.

Symptom:cvs [update aborted]: cannot open directory /cvsroot/src/...:
	No such file or directory.
Cause:	If a directory is created by mistake, then it is sometimes
	deleted from the CVS repository using administrative commands
	that bypass the normal cvs access controls.  If your cvs working tree
	contains references to a directory that has been deleted on the
	server in this way, then "cvs update" reports this error.
Fix:	Recursively delete the affected directory from your working tree
	and try the update again.
