7.4. Expert Information
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## 7.4. Expert Information

The expert infos is a kind of log of the anomalies found by Wireshark in a capture file.

The general idea behind the following “Expert Info” is to have a better display of “uncommon” or just notable network behaviour. This way, both novice and expert users will hopefully find probable network problems a lot faster, compared to scanning the packet list “manually” .

| Expert infos are only a hint
Take expert infos as a hint what’s worth looking at, but not more. For example, the absence of expert infos doesn’t necessarily mean everything is OK.

The amount of expert infos largely depends on the protocol being used. While some common protocols like TCP/IP will show detailed expert infos, most other protocols currently won’t show any expert infos at all.

The following will first describe the components of a single expert info, then the User Interface.

### 7.4.1. Expert Info Entries

Each expert info will contain the following things which will be described in detail below.

Table 7.1. Some example expert infos

Packet # | Severity | Group | Protocol | Summary
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | Note | Sequence | TCP | Duplicate ACK (#1)
2 | Chat | Sequence | TCP | Connection reset (RST)
8 | Note | Sequence | TCP | Keep-Alive
9 | Warn | Sequence | TCP | Fast retransmission (suspected)

#### 7.4.1.1. Severity

Every expert info has a specific severity level. The following severity levels are used, in parentheses are the colors in which the items will be marked in the GUI:

- Chat (grey): information about usual workflow, e.g. a TCP packet with the SYN flag set
- Note (cyan): notable things, e.g. an application returned an “usual” error code like HTTP 404
- Warn (yellow): warning, e.g. application returned an “unusual” error code like a connection problem
- Error (red): serious problem, e.g. [Malformed Packet]

#### 7.4.1.2. Group

There are some common groups of expert infos. The following are currently implemented:

- Checksum: a checksum was invalid
- Sequence: protocol sequence suspicious, e.g. sequence wasn’t continuous or a retransmission was detected or …​
- Response Code: problem with application response code, e.g. HTTP 404 page not found
- Request Code: an application request (e.g. File Handle == x), usually Chat level
- Undecoded: dissector incomplete or data can’t be decoded for other reasons
- Reassemble: problems while reassembling, e.g. not all fragments were available or an exception happened while reassembling
- Protocol: violation of protocol specs (e.g. invalid field values or illegal lengths), dissection of this packet is probably continued
- Malformed: malformed packet or dissector has a bug, dissection of this packet aborted
- Debug: debugging (should not occur in release versions)

It’s possible that more groups will be added in the future.

#### 7.4.1.3. Protocol

The protocol in which the expert info was caused.

#### 7.4.1.4. Summary

Each expert info will also have a short additional text with some further explanation.

### 7.4.2. “Expert Info” dialog

You can open the expert info dialog by selecting Analyze → Expert Info.

Figure 7.2. The “Expert Info” dialog box

#### 7.4.2.1. Errors / Warnings / Notes / Chats tabs

An easy and quick way to find the most interesting infos (rather than using the Details tab), is to have a look at the separate tabs for each severity level. As the tab label also contains the number of existing entries, it’s easy to find the tab with the most important entries.

There are usually a lot of identical expert infos only differing in the packet number. These identical infos will be combined into a single line - with a count column showing how often they appeared in the capture file. Clicking on the plus sign shows the individual packet numbers in a tree view.

#### 7.4.2.2. Details tab

The Details tab provides the expert infos in a “log like” view, each entry on its own line (much like the packet list). As the amount of expert infos for a capture file can easily become very large, getting an idea of the interesting infos with this view can take quite a while. The advantage of this tab is to have all entries in the sequence as they appeared, this is sometimes a help to pinpoint problems.

### 7.4.3. “Colorized” Protocol Details Tree

Figure 7.3. The “Colorized” protocol details tree

The protocol field causing an expert info is colorized, e.g. uses a cyan background for a note severity level. This color is propagated to the toplevel protocol item in the tree, so it’s easy to find the field that caused the expert info.

For the example screenshot above, the IP “Time to live” value is very low (only 1), so the corresponding protocol field is marked with a cyan background. To easier find that item in the packet tree, the IP protocol toplevel item is marked cyan as well.

### 7.4.4. “Expert” Packet List Column (optional)

Figure 7.4. The “Expert” packet list column

An optional “Expert Info Severity” packet list column is available that displays the most significant severity of a packet or stays empty if everything seems OK. This column is not displayed by default but can be easily added using the Preferences Columns page described in Section 10.5, “Preferences”.

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